Background levels of air and precipitation quality for Europe |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Geography, Innsbruck University, Innrain 52f, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria // Sociale Geografie en Planologie, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, Utrecht, CB 3584, the Netherlands;2. Department of Geography, Innsbruck University, Innrain 52f, Innsbruck 6020, Austria;3. Institute for Development Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Peter-Jordan-Straße 76/I, Vienna 1190, Austria |
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| Abstract: | This paper is intended to be used by specialists engaged in air and precipitation quality management on regional and continental scales. Major goals are to establish definition, methodology and specific values of background air and precipitation quality for sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) species to be used in practical applications of air resources management. Major findings are the following: - 1.(a) 69% of SO2 and 63 % of NO2 concentration over Europe originate from continental scale anthropogenic sources,
- 2.(b) 15% of precipitation sulfate and 11% of precipitation nitrate over Europe are contributed by hemispheric background,
- 3.(c) hemispheric background pollution values for Europe were found as 1.25 μg (SO2-S)m−3, 0.80 μg (SO42−-S)m−3, 0.157 mg (SO42−-S)l−1 and 0.04 mg (NO3−-N)ℓ−1.
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