Distribution of endocrine disruptors in the Llobregat River basin (Catalonia,NE Spain) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;2. Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France;3. Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Anavissos, Greece;4. University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković (IBISS), Belgrade, Serbia;5. Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain;6. Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain;1. Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;2. Water Innovation & Research Centre (WIRC), University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;3. School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK;4. Wessex Water, Bath BA2 7WW, UK |
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| Abstract: | The Llobregat basin is a Mediterranean fluvial system with major agricultural, urban and industrial impacts. We combined chemical quantification by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with electrospray interface (LC-ESI-MS) and the recombinant yeast assay (RYA) assays to estimate the loads of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) along the basin. Chemical analysis revealed maximum concentrations (at μg l−1 level) of alkylphenols at the lower course of the Llobregat River, which correlated with high levels of estrogenic activity detected by RYA. Analysis by RYA and LC-ESI-MS of influent and effluent waters from four sewage treatment plants (STP) discharging into the basin showed the removal of 80–95% of EDCs by STP treatment. Chemical analysis data and RYA data showed a quasi-linear correlation, demonstrating the complementariness of both methods. Our data suggest that the concentrations of the analysed compounds were enough to explain the total estrogenicity of water and STP samples from the Llobregat basin. |
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