上海南汇东滩鸟类栖息地营造工程的生境评价

为应对长江口日益严峻的滨海湿地和鸟类栖息地丧失问题,上海南汇东滩鸟类栖息地营造工程采取地形构建与水位调控技术,营造了适宜鸟类栖息觅食的生态修复示范区。本项研究自2009年8月至2010年6月,跟踪监测了生态修复示范区内的植被生长参数(株高、密度、叶面积指数、地上生物量)、水体质量参数(氮磷营养盐和叶绿素a含量)以及土壤环境参数(电导率、pH值和重金属含量),分析和评价了该工程实施后的生态修复效果。结果表明,生态修复措施有效促进了本地物种芦苇群落的生长,一定程度上明显改善了示范区内的水体质量,维持了土壤重金属的低污染状态,有利于鸟类生物多样性的提高。说明南汇东滩鸟类栖息地营造工程取得了初步成效,呈现出较好的湿地修复效果。同时,应采取刈割与水位调节技术抑制外来物种互花米草,控制生态养殖规模,进一步改善鸟类栖息地生境质量。

Habitat assessment on wetland restoration project for avian habitats at Nanhui Dongtan, Shanghai

Due to the more serious challenge of coastal wetlands and avian habitats loss at Yangtze estuary,a demonstration project was established for restoration of avian habitats at Nanhui Dongtan,mainly based on the techniques of topographical construction and water level manipulation.In this paper,the parameters of vegetation,water quality and soil were measured from Aug.2009 to Jun.2010 to analyze and evaluate the restoration work.The results showed that the growth of the native plant Phragmites australis was improved significantly;water quality was improved to some extent and soil heavy metal contamination remained in low state.Moreover,the demonstration project may have a positive effect on the enhancement of bird biodiversity.These results showed that the ecological restoration project had got a preliminary and promising effect on the wetland habitats.However,in order to improve the quality of the avian habitats further,an integrated technique of cutting plus water-logging should be taken to eliminate the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora and the scale of eco-aquaculture could be controlled.