生物炭固定化菌复合材料在环境修复中的应用研究进展

随着工业和农业的快速发展，环境污染日益严重，对生态安全和人体健康形成严重威胁.微生物修复是一种低价、绿色和易操作的技术，但微生物对高浓度污染物耐性低，造成修复效果差和周期长.由于生物炭的孔隙率高、官能团丰富和比表面积大，被认为是一种良好的吸附剂和固定化载体.通过微生物固定化技术将菌群定殖于生物炭上而制备生物炭固定化菌复合材料，结合了二者优势又克服菌群的缺点，展现了巨大的应用前景.通过系统论述生物炭固定化菌复合材料的制备方法和特征，评价生物炭固定化菌复合材料在环境修复中的效能，讨论环境因素对生物炭固定化菌复合材料去除水中污染物和修复污染土壤的效果影响，阐明生物炭固定化菌复合材料对废水处理与土壤修复的作用机制.

Research Progress in Application of Biochar-immobilized Bacteria Composites in Environmental Remediation

With the rapid development of industry and agriculture, environmental pollution has become increasingly serious, threatening ecological security and human health. Microbial remediation is a cheap, green, and easy-operation technology, but the tolerance of microorganisms to high concentrations of pollutants is low, resulting in low remediation efficacy and a long cycle. Biochar is a good adsorbent and immobilized carrier because of its high porosity, abundant functional groups, and large surface area. Biochar-immobilized bacteria composites were prepared by immobilizing bacteria on biochar, which combined their advantages and overcame the disadvantages of the bacteria, displaying a huge application prospect. In this study, the preparation methods and characteristics of biochar-immobilized bacteria composites were reviewed, their effectiveness in environmental remediation was evaluated, the effects of environmental factors on the removal of pollutants in water and the remediation of contaminated soil were discussed, and their mechanism for wastewater treatment and soil remediation was clarified.