跨境河流环境应急拦污坝及配套纳污湿地建设探讨

我国跨境河流较多,为保证跨境断面水质达标,需加强对跨境河流水环境污染风险的防范。探讨了跨境河流环境应急拦污设施的解决方案及其设计思路与原则,提出环境应急拦污设施包括应急拦污坝及配套纳污湿地,并从拦污坝设计、配套纳污湿地设计、配套应急措施、环境影响最小要求及运行工况等方面阐述了设计要求。以我国西北地区某跨境河流为例,进行环境应急拦污设施的案例设计,在该跨境河流特点和水环境风险源分析的基础上,从工程地址比选、拦污坝坝型选择及坝高设计、配套纳污湿地主要设计参数等方面进行设计,并对该环境应急拦污设施处理效率进行模拟。结果表明,环境应急拦污设施的建设将会极大地提高该河流的环境风险防范能力,且在未发生水污染事故时该设施可起到引流和促使沿岸其他湿地修复的作用。

Discussion on the construction of environmental emergency interception dam with constructed wetlands for cross-border rivers

There are many cross-border rivers in China. In order to ensure the water quality of cross-border sections to meet the standards, it is necessary to strengthen the prevention of water environmental pollution risk of cross-border rivers. The solutions to the construction of the environmental emergency interception facilities for the cross-border rivers were put forward, and the design ideas and principles discussed. It was proposed that the environmental emergency sewage interception facilities should include emergency interception dams and supporting sewage receiving wetlands, and the requirements for the design of the facilities were elaborated from the aspects of dam design, wetland design, emergency measures design, minimal environmental impact and operating conditions. Taking a cross-border river in the northwest of China as an example, the case design of environmental emergency sewage interception facilities was carried out. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the river and the risk sources of the water environment, the design was carried out from the aspects of project location comparison, the selection of the dam type, the dam height and the main design parameters of the constructed wetland, and the treatment efficiency of the environmental emergency sewage interception facility was simulated. The results showed that the construction of environmental emergency sewage interception facilities would greatly improve the environmental risk prevention ability of the river, and the facilities could play the role of drainage and restoration of other wetlands along the coast when no water pollution accident occurred.