偏置碰撞中轿车左后排乘员损伤的研究

为识别轿车正面偏置碰撞中后排左侧乘员的损伤特点,开展模拟研究。利用HyperMesh有限元软件,建立包含有限元轿车、可变形壁障及假人的基础模型1,并在基础模型1上为假人添加三点式安全带,建立模型2,在模型2基础上为假人创建侧气囊,建立模型3;采用Ls-Dyna软件求解计算,并应用HyperGraph软件分析不同重叠率偏置碰撞下假人的损伤情况;对比基础模型1、模型2、模型3仿真试验的假人损伤情况,分析不同约束系统对左后排假人的保护效能。结果表明:随着碰撞重叠率增大,左后排乘员头部和胸部的加速度峰值均相应减小;碰撞重叠率在试验范围内变化时,颈部所受合力的峰值波动较小;使用安全带能显著降低乘员的损伤;侧气囊对乘员胸部有保护作用。

Study on injury to occupants in car left rear line of seats in offset collision

To identify the characteristics of the injury to left rear occupants in car frontal offset collision, simulation studies were conducted. The HyperMesh finite element software was used to build a basic model 1, including a finite element car, a deformable wall, and a dummy. A three-point seat belt was added to the basic model 1, and a model 2 was built. A side airbag was created to the model 2, and a model 3 was built. The Ls-Dyna software was used to solve the calculation, and the HyperGraph software was used to analyze the injury to the dummy under different overlapping rates in offset collisions. A comparison was made between the injuries to the dummy in the basic model 1, model 2 and model 3. The effectiveness of the different restraint systems in protecting the left rear dummy was analyzed. The results show that there is a negative correlation between the collision overlap rate and the acceleration peaks of the left rear occupants head and chest, that when the collision overlap rate changes within the test range, the peak fluctuation of the resultant force on the neck is small, that the use of seat belt can significantly reduce occupant damage, and that the side airbag is very effective in protecting the occupant's chest.