用沉积物、稀有鮈鲫和生物模拟采样器评价水体中PAHs和OCPs的生物富集和有效性

以官厅湿地为研究对象,通过分析多环芳烃(PAHs)和有机氯农药(OCPs)在沉积物中的浓度及在30 d暴露笼养稀有鮈鲫和三油酸甘油脂-醋酸纤维素复合膜(TECAM)中的富集水平,来评价PAHs和OCPs在水体中不同介质中的富集规律,并探讨了用TECAM膜对水生生物进行生物有效性评价的可行性.结果表明,目标污染物的沉积物生物富集系数(BSAF)和沉积物TECAM膜富集系数(TSAF)在湿地各点之间均存在着较大差异,变异系数分别在10%～70%和20%～50%之间,且BSAF和TSAF与Kow均没有一致的变化规律.对于所研究的目标污染物尤其是PAHs,稀有鮈鲫的BSAF值比平衡分配模型的预测值(在1～4之间)小1个数量级左右,而TSAF值则比较接近水生生物的模型预测值.同时也发现湿地中OCPs的BSAF和TSAF相互之间存在较好的相关关系,5个实验点相关系数分别为0.80、 0.87、 0.83、 0.85和0.84(p<0.01),而PAHs的BSAF和TSAF相关关系不显著(p>0.1).由此可见,联合应用沉积物、稀有鮈鲫和TECAM膜能更可靠更准确地评价PAHs和OCPs这类有机污染物在水体中的污染状况,TECAM膜作为一种生物模拟采样器能很好地预测鱼对OCPs这类较难降解有机污染物的生物富集,是对水体中疏水性有机污染物进行生态风险评价的一个有力工具.

Assessing Bioaccumulation and Bioavailability of PAHs and OCPs in Water Using Sediment,Rare Minnow and Biomimetic Sampler

Accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and organochlorine pesticides(OCPs)in different phases in water was assessed in a wetland in Guanting,Beijing,China,by analyzing their concentrations in sediment,30d-exposed caged Chinese rare minnow(Gobiocypris rarus)and triolein embedded cellulose acetate membrane(TECAM).The applicability of TECAM to bioavailability assessment of PAHs and OCPs for aquatic organisms was also examined.The results showed that there were great differences of both bio-sedim...