我国农药工业危险废物产生和污染特性研究

我国是农药的生产和使用大国,农药工业的危险废物因产量大、毒性强、处理处置困难等问题引起了公众和管理者的广泛关注。梳理和阐明农药工业危险废物的产生来源、污染特性及环境风险关键节点对于我国农药工业危险废物的管理具有重要的支撑作用。母液、废酸、废盐和污泥是农药工业中产生量最大的几类危险废物。农药工业危险废物中所含的污染物种类繁多,主要为残留的反应原料、副反应产物和农药有效成分。目前,农药工业副产物的利用环节是农药工业危险废物处理处置过程中环境风险的关键节点。针对农药工业危险废物利用处置过程中存在的问题,建议生态环境管理部门制定完善的污染控制标准,并采取针对性政策鼓励和引导企业研发先进工艺,开展源头减量,提高资源化利用水平,全面提升农药工业固体废物的环境风险防治水平。

Research on the generation and pollution characteristics of pesticide industrial hazardous wastes in China

Pesticides are widely produced and used in China. The hazardous wastes of pesticide industry has attracted extensive attention of the public and managers due to its large output, high toxicity and difficulty in disposal. The combing and clarification of the generation sources, pollution characteristics, and environmental risk key nodes of hazardous wastes in pesticide industry plays an important supporting role in the management of hazardous wastes in pesticide industry in China. Mother liquor, waste acid, waste salt and sludge are several types of hazardous wastes with the largest production in pesticide industry. There are many kinds of pollutants contained in hazardous wastes of pesticide industry, mainly including reaction raw material residues, side reaction products and effective components of pesticide. At present, the key environmental risk in the treatment and disposal of pesticide hazardous wastes lies in the utilization of by-products of pesticide industry. In view of the problems existing in the process of utilization and disposal, it was suggested that the ecological environment management department formulate perfect pollution control standards, adopt targeted policies, encourage and guide enterprises to develop advanced processes, carry out source reduction, improve the level of resource utilization, and comprehensively improve the level of environmental risk prevention and control of solid wastes in pesticide industry.