水体原位修复中沉水植物化感物质的分离与鉴定

水体中蓝绿藻的大量生长是引起水体富营养化的重要原因,故而在原位生态修复中抑制蓝绿藻的生长至关重要。藻类的生长可被沉水植物分泌的某些化感物质所抑制,对沉水植物分泌的化感物质进行定性定量的研究,探明其作用机理对富营养化水体的生态治理具有一定的理论指导与实践意义。选取我国南方地区常见的狐尾藻(Myriophyllum verticillatum)、苦草(Vallisneria natans)、伊乐藻(Elodea canadensis)、轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)5种沉水植物,通过对其水培液做GC-MS分析,鉴定了沉水植物次生代谢物的种类,并对其潜在的抑藻效应进行探究。结果显示:水培液中共检测出56种化合物,其中检出最多的为有机酸类物质;狐尾藻、苦草、伊乐藻和黑藻分泌的有机酸类物质含量高于其他检出物质,而金鱼藻的水培液检出物中酮和酯类物质含量较高。研究推测,狐尾藻水培液中检测鉴定出的琥珀酸、柠檬酸和苯酚为主要的化感物质,苦草水培液中的乳酸、癸酸、壬二酸、硬脂酸、月桂酸和苯酚起主要的抑藻作用;伊乐藻水培液中的主要化感物质为壬二酸、对羟基苯甲酸和棕榈酸,黑藻和金鱼藻水培液中起抑藻作用的物质为壬酸、阿魏酸和癸酸、油酸、乙酸丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯。

Allelochemicals isolation and identification of submerged macrophyte in in-situ remediation

The large growth of blue-green algae in water is an important cause of water eutrophication, so it is very important to inhibit the growth of blue-green algae in the application of in-situ ecological restoration. The growth of algae can be inhibited by some allelochemicals secreted by submerged plants. Qualitative and quantitative studies on allelopathic substances secreted by submerged plants and clarifying the action mechanism of allelopathic substances should have certain theoretical guidance and practical significance for ecological management of eutrophic water bodies. Five submerged plants, including Myriophyllum verticillatum, Vallisneria natans, Elodea canadensis, Hydrilla verticillata, and Ceratophyllum demersum, which were common in southern China, were selected and their hydroponic solution was analyzed by GC-MS. The species of secondary metabolites secreted by submerged plants were identified and their potential allelopathic effects were investigated. The results showed that a total of 56 compounds were detected in the hydroponic solution of 5 submerged plants, of which the most detected were organic acids. The contents of organic acids secreted by Myriophyllum verticillatum, Vallisneria natans, Elodea canadensis and Hydrilla verticillata were the highest, while the contents of ketones and esters were high in the hydroponic solution of Ceratophyllum demersum. It was speculated that the main allelochemicals detected in the hydroponic solution of Myriophyllum verticillatum were succinic acid, citric acid and phenol; lactic acid, citric acid, sebacic acid, stearic acid, lauric acid, and phenol in the hydroponic solution of Vallisneria natans played the main role of algae inhibition. The main allelochemicals were azelaic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and palmitic acid in the hydroponic solution of Elodea canadensis; nonanoic acid, ferulic acid, capric acid, oleic acid, butyl acetate and diisobutyl phthalate were the substances that played the role of decontamination and algae inhibition in the hydroponic solution of Hydrilla verticillata and Ceratophyllum demersum.