金属表面处理工艺危险废物产生节点和处置现状

金属表面处理行业危险废物种类多、危害大,加上生产企业对危险废物产生节点识别不清以及危险废物管理意识薄弱,加剧了金属表面处理行业危险废物的管理难度。选取金属表面处理工艺中应用最为广泛的电镀、化学镀、阳极氧化、磷化和钝化处理工艺,通过工艺流程梳理,结合《国家危险废物名录(2021版)》,分析各工艺的危险废物产生节点、产生特点和规律;调研其中主要危险废物的产生量、处置工艺和处置现状,并对未来金属表面处理工艺危险废物的管理和处置工作提出合理建议。研究结果对实现金属表面处理行业危险废物的源头减量化和无害化处置具有重要的借鉴意义。

Generation nodes and disposal status of hazardous wastes from metal surface treatment process

It is difficult to manage hazardous wastes in the metal surface treatment industry because of the wide variety of hazardous wastes, the great hazards, the unclear identification of hazardous waste production nodes and the weak awareness of hazardous waste management in the production enterprises. The most used technologies including electroplating, electroless plating, anodic oxidation, phosphating, and passivation processes were selectedand analyzed. By combing the process flow and comparing with National Hazardous Waste List (version 2021), the production nodes, characteristics, and rules of hazardous waste in each process were analyzed. In addition, the generation, disposal process and disposal status of main hazardous wastes were investigated, and reasonable suggestions were put forward for the management and disposal of hazardous wastes in metal surface treatment process in the future. The research results had important reference significance for the realization of source reduction and harmless disposal of hazardous wastes in metal surface treatment industry.