环境中四环素类抗生素污染处理技术研究进展

四环素类抗生素是一种价格低廉的广谱抗生素,被广泛应用于临床医疗、畜牧业、水产业等领域,四环素类抗生素的超量使用以及处理不当导致其被排放到水、土壤等环境中并在环境中残留、扩散,对生态和人类健康造成潜在威胁,因此其在环境中的去除尤为重要。介绍了环境中四环素类抗生素的来源及其在环境中的行为,概述了这类抗生素在环境介质中污染处理技术。目前已经工程化应用的污水处理技术,处理后出水虽可满足GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》,但很少对四环素类以及其他种类抗生素的去除进行专门的设计,造成处理后的出水中仍有抗生素残留,带来水环境污染的风险;土壤中四环素类抗生素的去除目前大多停留在实验室水平,可直接工程化应用的修复技术有待进一步研究。对四环素类抗生素污染处理技术的研究进行了展望,旨在为环境中四环素类抗生素的去除与污染治理提供科学依据。

Research progress on treatment technology of tetracycline antibiotics pollution in the environment

Tetracycline antibiotics are a kind of low-cost broad-spectrum antibiotics, which are widely used in clinical medicine, animal husbandry, aquaculture and other fields. The excessive use and improper handling of tetracycline antibiotics have caused them to be discharged into water, soil and other environments. They remain and spread in the environment, posing a potential threat to ecology and human health. Therefore, their removal in the environment is particularly important. The sources of tetracycline antibiotics in the environment and their behavior in the environment were introduced, and the treatment technologies of these antibiotics in environmental media were outlined. The results showed that by the currently engineered wastewater treatment technologies, the wastewater could reach Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB 8978-1996), but there were few special designs for the removal of tetracyclines and other types of antibiotics, resulting in residual antibiotics in the effluent after treatment, and thus brought about the risk of water environmental pollution. The removal of tetracyclines in soil was currently mostly stayed at the laboratory level, and the remediation technology that could be directly applied to antibiotic-contaminated soil by engineering required further study. Finally, the future researches on the treatment technology of tetracycline antibiotics was prospected, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the removal and treatment of tetracycline antibiotic pollution in the environment.