我国医药制造业危险废物产生特性及污染防治分析

医药制造业是国家环境保护规划中重点治理的12个行业之一,其中约80%的污染是化学原料药生产过程中产生的。化学原料药产生的危险废物具有毒性、易燃性、腐蚀性、化学反应性、感染性、浸出毒性等危害特性,对生态环境具有极大的潜在危害。从发酵类、化学合成类以及提取类原料药的生产工艺流程出发,总结了各环节危险废物的产生及危害特性,分析了其利用和处置现状及存在的问题,针对性提出了原料药制造过程中典型危险废物利用和处置的对策建议:1)源头上减少环境风险;2)过程中提高企业清洁生产水平;3)末端利用中提升医药制造业危险废物资源化水平。

Research on the generation properties and pollution control of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in China

Pharmaceutical manufacturing industry is one of 12 key industries to be treated in the national environmental protection plan. About 80% of the pollution is caused by the production of chemical raw drugs. The hazardous wastes produced by chemical raw drugs possess the hazardous characteristics of toxicity, flammability, corrosiveness, chemical reactivity, infectivity and leaching toxicity, etc., which has great potential harm to the ecological environment. Starting from the process of fermentation pharmacy, chemical synthesis pharmacy and extraction pharmacy, the generation and hazard properties of hazardous wastes in each link were summarized, and the current situations and existing problems of their utilization and disposal were analyzed. The countermeasures and suggestions on the utilization and disposal of typical hazardous wastes were put forward as follows: 1) reducing environmental risks in the source, 2) improving the level of cleaner production in the process, 3) enhancing the resource level of hazardous waste in the end use of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry.