基于生态系统服务理论内涵的山水林田湖草生态保护修复实践——以河南省南太行地区试点工程为例

科学实施山水林田湖草生态保护修复是生态文明建设的重要内容。将提升生态系统服务功能与山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程相结合,以国家第三批山水林田湖草生态保护修复试点项目——河南省南太行地区试点工程为例,探索以提高生态产品供给能力、维护生态安全为目标的南太行地区山水林田湖草生态保护与修复工程实践。地区区位特征及生态环境问题分析表明,南太行地区近年来生态系统服务价值整体呈下降趋势且生态环境破坏严重,许多矿山生态破坏和环境污染历史遗留问题亟待解决,生物多样性保护现状堪忧。以区域突出生态环境问题与主要生态功能定位为依据,按照“格局优化、系统稳定、功能提升”的目标,明确了南太行地区生态保护修复“一山一渠两流域”的总体布局与绩效目标,将其划分为5个生态功能区和7个工程治理区,根据不同功能区和治理区分别提出修复方案和工程治理措施。工程试点方案实施1年多,各项绩效目标完成进度较好,实现了生态效益、经济效益和社会效益的良好结合。

Practice of ecological protection and restoration of mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland based on connotation of ecosystem service theory: taking the pilot project of South-Taihang Area in Henan Province as an example

The scientific implementation of ecological protection and restoration of mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland (MRFFLG) is an important part of the construction of ecological civilization. It combines the improvement of ecosystem service functions with the ecological protection and restoration project of MRFFLG. The pilot project of South-Taihang Area in Henan Province, a third-batch national pilot project for ecological protection and restoration of MRFFLG, was taking as an example, and the practice of ecological protection and restoration projects in MRFFLG in South-Taihang Area to improve the supply capacity of ecological products and to maintain the ecological safety was initially explored. A comprehensive analysis of the location characteristics and eco-environmental problems of South-Taihang Area showed that the value of ecosystem services in South-Taihang Area had been declining in recent years and the eco-environment had been severely damaged. Many problems of ecological damage and environmental pollution left over by history from mines needed to be resolved urgently. The current status of biodiversity conservation was worrying. Based on the regional outstanding eco-environmental problems and the main ecological function orientation, and in accordance with the goal of “pattern optimization, system stabilization and function enhancement”, the overall layout and performance goals of ecological protection and restoration of “one mountain, one canal, and two watersheds” in South-Taihang Area were identified, which was divided into 5 ecological function areas and 7 engineering treatment areas. According to different functional areas and governance areas, the remediation plans and engineering treatment measures were proposed respectively. The project pilot program had been implemented for more than one year, and the progress to various performance targets had been relatively good, having achieved a good combination of ecological, economic and social benefits.