汽油存储过程VOCs排放影响因素研究

为准确测算成品油存储过程VOCs排放量,利用美国国家环境保护局(US EPA)人为源排放清单编制技术手册AP-42中推荐的方法,以汽油为例,对油品存储过程中VOCs排放的影响因素进行定量化研究。结果表明:油品存储过程VOCs排放的重要影响因素有油品本身性状参数、油品存储状态和气象参数3类;各类参数中,油品蒸气压和油气摩尔分子量、储罐密封结构和罐体状况、油品周转次数、环境温度和风速对存储过程VOCs排放影响较大;相关VOCs排放量随油品蒸汽压、罐体直径和储存高度、环境温度、环境风速呈指数变化;相关VOCs排放量与油气摩尔分子量、油品周转次数、罐体油垢因子线性相关;不同密封结构对VOCs排放的影响可相差2~3倍。在此基础上提出了控制油品存储过程VOCs排放的技术途径,以期为我国油品储运销过程VOCs排放清单编制和VOCs排放管控提供政策思路。

Analysis of factors affecting VOCs emission from oil storage processes

In order to accurately calculate the emission of VOCs from oil storage processes, the factors affecting the emission of VOCs were quantitatively studied by using the method recommended in AP-42, a technical manual for compiling inventories of anthropogenic sources drafted by US Environment Protection Agency, taking gasoline as an example. The research showed that there were three kinds of important factors affecting VOCs emission: oil property parameters, oil storage state and meteorological parameters. Among various parameters, oil vapor pressure and the oil vapor molecular weight, tank sealing structure and tank condition, oil turnover times, ambient temperature and wind speed had great influences on VOCs emission. The VOCs emission increased exponentially with the increase of oil vapor pressure, tank diameter, oil storage height, ambient temperature and wind speed, and were linearly related to oil vapor molecular weight, oil turnover times and tank fouling factor. The influence of different sealing structures on VOCs emission could reach 2-3 times. On the basis of the research, the technical ways to control VOCs emission from the oil storage processes were put forward, in order to provide policy ideas for compilation of VOCs emission inventory and VOCs emission control in the process of oil storage, transportation and marketing in China.