基于水文模型的缺资料流域缺水特征分析——以岷江茫溪河流域为例

针对当前流域水资源短缺分析时空尺度偏大、精度偏低的问题,建立了一种适用于缺资料流域缺水特征分析的方法,即采用SWAT模型计算流域水资源总量,基于统计数据计算流域需水量,研究流域缺水量的月尺度变化特征,并将该方法应用于茫溪河流域,从不同时间、不同空间与不同行业角度开展流域缺水特征分析。结果表明:茫溪河流域多年平均水资源总量为56 460万m³,可利用水量为10 599万m³,河道外需水量为12 650万m³,缺水量为3 134万m³;受降水和农业灌溉影响,茫溪河流域缺水主要集中在非汛期,尤其是灌溉需求较大的4月和5月。

Analysis of water scarcity characteristics in data-deficient watersheds based on hydrological model: taking Minjiang Tributary Mangxi River Basin as an example

Aiming at the problems of large spatial and temporal scale and low precision in current analysis of basin water scarcity, a method suitable for the study of water scarcity in data-deficient watersheds was established, using the SWAT model to calculate the total amount of water resources of the watershed. Based on the statistical data, the water demand of the watershed was calculated, and the monthly change characteristics of water scarcity in the watershed studied. The method was applied to Mangxi River Basin, with the characteristics of water shortage being analyzed from perspectives of different time, different space and different industries. The results showed that the annual average total water resource in Mangxi River Basin was 564.6 million m3, the available water was 105.99 million m3, the total water demand was 126.5 million m3, and the water scarcity was 31.34 million m3. Affected by rainfall and agricultural irrigation, the water scarcity in Mangxi River Basin was mainly in the dry season, especially in April and May when the agricultural irrigation needs were the greatest.