曝气生物净化塘处理农村生活污水效果——以豫南地区商城县为例

为了提高农村生活污水治理效果的稳定性,同时考虑农村水生态景观建设需求,将具有强大调节能力的稳定塘技术、适合低浓度有机污水处理的接触氧化法和浅水湖泊草型清水稳态理论相结合,提出曝气生物净化塘工艺,应用于豫南地区商城县11个乡镇街区的农村生活污水处理,并选择其中4个典型案例运行1年的效果进行总结。结果表明:受乡镇街区的合流制排水系统、豫南地区多雨的气候特点及住户利用化粪池污水浇灌菜园习惯的影响,商城县各乡镇街区生活污水污染物浓度低且存在较大的波动性;曝气生物净化塘水力停留时间长,污水可在塘中完全混合,并形成适宜低污染物浓度净化的菌-草共生清水稳态系统,使净化后出水化学需氧量(COD_Cr)、氨氮(NH₃-N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)指标均达到DB41/1820—2019《农村生活污水处理设施水污染物排放标准》一级标准,且出水COD_Cr、NH₃-N指标达到GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅳ类及以上水质标准。曝气生物净化塘适合低污染水平的农村生活污水的治理,且能形成清水型农村水生态景观。

Treatment effect of rural domestic sewage by aerated biological purification pond: taking Shangcheng County in southern Henan Province as an example

In order to improve the stability of rural domestic sewage treatment and meet the demand of ecological landscape construction, aeration biological purification pond (ABPP) technology was put forward which is the conbined mechnism of high-adjusted ablity of stabilization pond technology, suitable for low concentration organic wastewater treatment of contact oxidation method and steady state of grass shallow lakes. The new process was applied to treat rural domestic sewage in 11 towns and districts of Shangcheng County in southern Henan Province, and the operating effects of 4 typical cases for one year were summarized. The results showed that the pollutant concentration of domestic sewage was low and fluctuated greatly due to the confluence drainage system, the rainy climate characteristics in southern Henan and the habits of residents using septic tank sewage to irrigate vegetable gardens. The ABPP had the long hydraulic retention time and completely mixed-sewage, forming bacteria-grass coexisted water steady state system which is suitable to purify the low concentration pullution. Chemical oxygen demand (CODCr), ammonia (NH3-N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) in the effluent reach Level 1 standard of the Rural Sewage Treatment Facilities of Water Pollutant Discharge Standard (DB41/1820-2019), CODCr and NH3-N meet Grade Ⅳ or above quality standard of the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002). ABPP is the appropriate process to treat rural domestic sewage with low pollutants, and benefit to improve the rural water ecological landscape.