京津冀地区典型城市地表水质污染类型划分及驱动力研究

根据京津冀地区典型城市水环境污染的主要来源,选取工业COD排放量,工业氨氮排放量、工业废水排放量、生活COD排放量、生活氨氮排放量、生活污水排放量共6项指标,对区域经济发展水平与水污染物排放之间的关系进行研究。基于经济发展水平和污染排放特征,利用系统聚类法划分城市类型,利用回归分析研究污染排放指标对GDP的贡献。结果表明:京津冀地区废水及主要污染物排放特征存在明显的行政区划差异性:A类城市中,生活污染源已超越工业污染源成为该地区水污染物排放的重中之重;B类城市和C类城市污染控制重点仍需放在工业污染源减排上。经过多年努力,主要工业污染物排放量已得到了有效的控制,生活污水排放量已成为京津冀地区不容忽视的减排对象。今后,应在此基础上针对不同行政区划内的污染排放特征,加强政策的针对性。

Study on the Classification and Driving Force of Typical Urban Surface Water Pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

According to the main sources of typical water pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, this research had selected six indicators such as industrial COD emissions, industrial ammonia nitrogen emissions, industrial sewage emissions, residential COD emissions, residential ammonia nitrogen emissions and residential sewage emissions to study the relationship between regional GDP and water pollutant emissions. Based on the characteristics of GDP and pollutant emissions, this study utilized system clustering method to classify the city types and utilized Linear Regression to analyze the contribution of each discharge indicator to GDP. The results indicated that various characters of water pollutant emissions in districts of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region had significant differences： in A city clusters, residential pollution sources had exceeded industrial pollution sources and had become the top serious of water pollutant emissions, in B city clusters and C city clusters, the focus of pollution control was on the emission reduction of industrial pollution sources. After years of effort, the major industrial pollutant emissions had been effectively controlled, meanwhile, residential sewage emissions had become the object of emission reduction that should not be ignored. In future, targeted policies should be strengthened on the basis of characteristics of water pollutant emissions in different administrative districts.