武汉沉湖湿地水鸟群落特征及其与富营养化关系研究

富营养化是水中氮、磷等营养物质大量积累引起的水质污染现象,直接导致水体群落结构的改变,这一定程度上引起了以水生生物为食的水鸟的群落特征的变化。为找寻水鸟群落特征与富营养化两者的关系,2010年1月~2013年1月3年内按春夏秋冬4季对武汉沉湖湿地自然地保护区水鸟进行了调查,沉湖和张家大湖的水鸟多样性有明显的周年变化规律,多样性指数冬季最高,最高值分别为12.19和9.89;春夏季最低,最低值分别为7.53和2.45;对比分析了两个子湖,沉湖湖区与张家大湖湖区富营养化指数TLI分别为64和78,沉湖水鸟种类、数量和多样性指数皆高于张家大湖,湖泊富营养化会影响水鸟多样性。

RESEARCH ON WATER BIRDS COMMUNITYFEATURE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE EUTROPHICATION IN CHENHU WETLAND

During the investigation on water birds at Lake Chenhu Nature Reserve form 2010 to 2013, 67 birds species of 15 families of 7 orders were recorded, in all families, ducks, ardeidae and snipe birds predominate, in which there were 11 species listed on Rank I and II National Protected Wildlife, and 4 Species of birds are listed in the appendix of the CITES convention. There were 43 winter migrant species, 15 summer migrant species, 5 resident species and 4 passengers In terms of geographical distribution type, there were 44 Palaearctic species, 9 Oriental species and 14 Cosmopolitan species. Eutrophication is a water pollution phenomenon which is caused by the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients, and it leads to the change of aquatic community structure, especially water birds communities that feed on aquatic organisms. In order to find the relationship of eutrophication and water birds community characteristics, we investigated water birds at Chenhu Lake Nature Reserve by season from January 2010 to January 2013. Bird diversity in the Chenhu Lake and Zhangjiadahu Lake showed obvious seasonal change. The species diversity index was the highest in winter(12.19 and 9.89), and was the lowest in summer and winter (7.53 and 2.45). By analying the two Lakes of Chenhu wetland, we found that the eutrophication's indices of the Chenhu Lake and the Zhangjiadahu Lake were 64 and 78, respectively. The water birds species, water quantity and diversity of the Chenhu Lake were higher than those of the Zhangjiadahu Lake, and lake eutrophication would affect diversity of water birds. The species diversity of water birds and environment condition were compared between the Chenhu Lake and the Zhangjiadahu Lake. The result showed that the water birds diversity correlated negatively with the water quality and the eutrophication status, and we found that surrounding facilities construction of lake had serious influences on the water birds. Thus the over development and encroachment of wetlands should be prohibited, and it is urgent to improve the water quality and habitat diversity.