城市化背景下喀斯特流域生态服务价值时空分异特征——以贵阳市南明河流域为例

以贵阳市南明河流域1990、2000和2013年遥感影像数据为基础,通过多尺度空间单元格及空间自相关分析,结合GIS空间分析技术,定量描述了南明河流域生态系统服务功能的时空分异特征,进一步揭示了喀斯特区域城市发展引起的生态服务价值变化。结果表明:1990~2013年,南明河流域生态服务价值增加6.87亿元,林地生态服务价值增加,而耕地、建设用地的变化造成生态服务价值的损失;流域生态服务价值存在较强空间聚集性,生态服务价值"热点"区主要分布在流域中下游,"冷点"区主要集中在流域中游;随着研究尺度的增加,流域生态服务价值的空间自相关性增强;流域生态服务价值对价值系数缺乏弹性,林地敏感性最高,对流域生态服务价值贡献最大,而城市化进程加快使得建设用地对总生态服务价值的影响程度增加。

STUDY ON SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIATION IN THE VALUE OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES FOR KARST WATERSHED UNDER THE BACKGROUND OF URBANIZATION

Based on the remote sensing data of the Nanming River watershed in Guiyang City in 1990, 2000 and 2013, using multi-scale spatial analysis, we quantitativelyinvestigated the temporal and spatial characteristics of ecosystem service of the Nanming River watershed. Meanwhile, the changes of ecosystem service values caused by the urban development of Karst area were further revealed. The results showed that from 1990 to 2013, the value of ecosystem service in the Nanming River watershed increased by 687 million Yuan and the value of forest ecosystem service was also increased, while the change of the farmland and construction caused the loss of ecosystem service values. At the same time, a trend toward spatial clustering of ecosystem services values was enhanced: the "hot" areas were mainly concentrated in the middle and downstream areas of the watershed; while the "cold" areas were mainly concentrated in the middle reaches. In addition, the spatial autocorrelation of ecosystem services value showed significant scale effects: the value of spatial autocorrelation of ecosystem services gradually increased as the scale of the studies increased. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the values of ecosystem services in the study area were lacking of flexibility. The forest land area had the largest contribution to the values of the ecosystem services of the study area. With the accelerated urbanization, the influence of construction land to the total ecosystem services value was increased.