天然水体基于分子生物学的微生物生态学研究

我国天然水体富营养化严重,水体生态系统已失去平衡。作为水生态系统中分解者的微生物,对于水体自净和修复发挥着极其重要的作用,因而了解微生物群落的组成和其动态变化、以及与水环境之间的相互关系对开展水环境生物修复研究是非常必要的。随着生物技术的发展,分子生物学技术被广泛应用于微生物生态学研究。文章主要介绍了分子生物学技术在天然水体微生物生态学中的应用以及天然水体中环境因子与微生物群落的关系。DGGE和TRFLP技术由于具有操作方便、可同时处理大量样品、系统性和有效性强等优点,因而被较多地应用于天然水体中微生物群落结构研究。微生物群落结构及其变化与许多因素有关,包括温度、光照、DO、pH、氮、磷、有机物等,对于不同种类的微生物,各因素的影响效果也有所不同。

Molecular Techniques-based Microbial Ecology in Natural Waters

Eutrophication of natural water in China is serious,and aquatic ecosystem is out of balance.Microorganisms play an important role in self-purification and restoration of water bodies,so it is necessary to find out composition of microbial communities and their dynamics,as well as its relationship with aquatic environment.Molecular techniques have found their increasing application in microbial ecology.Application of molecular techniques in microbial ecology of natural water bodies and relationship between environmental factors and microbial community in natural waters were reviewed.DGGE and TRFLP have been widely used in identifying structure of microbial community in natural waters due to its easy operation,strong utility and efficiency,and high through-put capacity.The structure of microbial community and its change may depend on many factors such as temperature,light,DO,pH,nitrogen,phosphorus and organic matter.For different kinds of microorganism,these factors may have different effects.