庐山风景名胜旅游地生活废弃物生态足迹分析

随着旅游业的迅猛发展,庐山风景名胜区面临着人口激增和环境破坏的双重压力,如何测量旅游发展的现状以及如何建立可持续发展的旅游系统,是庐山风景名胜区亟待解决的问题。文章结合相关领域学者的研究成果,计算了2003年庐山风景名胜区生活废弃物的生态足迹,结果表明:(1)生活废弃物人均生态足迹为0.0117751hm2,其中CO2排放的生态足迹占总量的98.20%,而污水、粪便、固体垃圾和废弃物处理设施的生态足迹很小,仅占1.80%;(2)CO2排放量为68684.99t,其中旅游交通的贡献率为55.61%,旅游住宿的贡献率为36.26%,游客和居民的贡献率为8.13%;(3)居民废弃物排放量大于游客排放量,CO2和粪便排放量是游客的2.4倍,垃圾产生量是游客的1.32倍,污水排放量是游客的1.18倍;(4)生活废弃物对风景区、九江市以及九江市以外区域的生态影响分别为45.40%、2.78%和51.82%;(5)风景区生态效用为0.5451kgCO2/元,高于全国平均水平和维持可持续发展的理想水平;(6)九寨沟、黄山和庐山生活废弃物生态足迹数据表明,旅游交通对旅游地生态环境的影响最深远,因此改变交通方式或使用环保旅游观光车是减少旅游地生活废弃物生态足迹的重要途径。

Analysis of Ecological Footprint of Domestic Wastes in Lushan Scenic Spots

Lushan Scenic Spot faces dual pressure of demographic explosion and environment disruption with rapid development of tourism.How to evaluate the actuality of tourism development and establish sustainable tourism system are the most urgent problems in the area.Footprints of tourism waste in the area in 2003 were calculated based on the relevant researches.Results indicated that footprint of tourism per capita was 0.0117751hm2,in which the footprint of CO2 emission occupied by 98.20% while only 1.80% for wastewater,dejects,garbage and waste treatment establishment.The emission of CO2 was 68,684.99t with contribution ratio 55.61%,36.26% and 8.13% respectively for traffic,lodging and visitors.Discharge of waste from residents was greater than that from visitors,the discharge of CO2 and dejects from residents was 2.4 times of that from visitors,garbage 1.32 times and wastewater 1.18 times.Ecological impact on scenic area,region of Jiujiang City and region beyond the City were 45.40%,2.78% and 51.82% respectively.Ecological efficiency in scenic area was 0.5451kg CO2/yuan which was higher than the country average and affinity level of sustainable development.Data about waste ecological footprint of Jiuzhaigou,Huangshan and Lushan showed that the most far-reaching element to ecological environment is tourist traffic.So changing the transportation or using environmentally friendly vehicles is an important way to reduce waste ecological footprint in scenic areas.