通风量对厨余堆肥氮素转化及氮素损失的影响

采用静态好氧工艺对厨余垃圾进行了堆肥化试验。堆肥设三个处理V0、V1、V2,其对应通风量分别为0.015m3(/kg·h)、0.030m3(/kg·h)和0.060m3(/kg·h),实验结果反映了不同通风量条件下,厨余垃圾堆肥的氨挥发及各形态氮的转化规律和其氮损失的数量。堆肥过程中,堆V0、V1、V2的厨余氨氮总释放率分别为6.02g/kg、8.54g/kg和5.74g/kg。堆制后,V0、V1、V2堆体全氮含量分别下降15.1%、17.1%和23.2%;有机氮分别下降46.5%、24.5%和23.0%;堆V0、V1的氨氮浓度分别提高364.8%和52.7%,V2下降25.7%。堆V0、V1、V2的氮损失率分别为33.3%、35.4%和48.9%,氨挥发占氮损失的比例分别为50.6%、58.2%和34.6%,堆V0、V1氮损失的途径主要是氨挥发,而堆V2的氮损失大部分来自有机氮物质的直接挥发。从堆肥效率、无害化程度和营养持留来看,厨余堆肥系统的通风比率以0.030m3(/kg·h)为宜,通风量过大会使有机氮的挥发增强,氮损失的比率加大。

Influence of Ventilation on Nitrogen Transformation and Loss during Composting of Kitchen Waste

A comparative experiment is conducted for investigate influence of ventilation strength on kitchen waste composting with respect to nitrogen transformation and loss. Thus kitchen waste was divided into three piles undergoing composting with different ventilation flow rates,accumulative amount of ammonia emissions from each pile was measured,decreases of nitrogen concentrations mostly due to ammonia volatility for each pile determined and calculated. It was concluded that in view of reducing nitrogen-loss,composting maturity and the efficiency,the optimum ventilation flow would be 0.030m3/kg·h.