上海农用化学品使用历史演变及污染防治对策

以上海过去几十年农用化学品使用为研究对象,深入分析了上海化肥、农药和地膜等农用化学品的使用历史演变及其驱动因素。结果表明,上海化肥使用量和使用水平总体上不断提高,主要由作物产量驱动;农药使用量和使用水平在经历大量使用的阶段以后逐步趋于稳定,主要受耕地面积减少和病虫害发生的影响而变动较大;地膜使用量基本保持平稳,但使用水平不断降低,主要与地膜的高强度低厚度发展有关。文章同时针对上海农用化学品使用存在的问题和污染风险,提出了相应的污染防治对策。

Application History and Pollution Control Strategy of Agrochemicals in Shanghai

Taking agrochemical application in Shanghai in the past several decades as research object,the application history and driving factors of agrochemicals in Shanghai including chemical fertilizer,pesticide and mulching films were studied. Results indicated that the amount and level of chemical fertilizer application generally increased,which were driven primarily by crop yields. Amount and level of pesticides application were experienced a stage of big amount utilization and then gradually tended to stable,which were mainly influenced by reduction of arable lands and occurrence of pests and diseases. Amount of mulching films application was kept stable while the level was continuously decreased,which were related to tendency of high strength and low thickness mulching films. Some corresponding pollution control strategies were also proposed,aimed to resolve the problem and risks of agrochemical application in Shanghai.