Exotic Organisms: A Dilemma for Conservation Biology

Abstract: Human-induced problems in resource conservation fall into three categories: (1) inappropriate resource use, (2) pollution, and (3) exotic organisms. Problems of resource use and pollution are correctable; exotic organisms are frequently permanent and may be the most pervasive influence affecting biodiversity in many systems, particularly on oceanic islands. Invasive exotic organisms often have effects far in excess of what might be predicted by equilibrium island biogeographic theory; a single exotic species may cause numerous extinctions in addition to altering the physical environment. Exotic organisms frequently cause environmental crises. In such crises, calls for more research are commonplace, but research results may be an unaffordable luxury, providing information only for the eulogy. Programs to eradicate exotic organisms provide an opportunity to combine good science and good conservation into functioning conservation biology.