HNK-1 immunoreactivity during early morphogenesis of the head region in a nonmodel vertebrate,crocodile embryo |
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Authors: | Martin Kundrát |
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Institution: | (1) Geological Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Severná 5, Banská Bystrica, 97401, Slovak Republic |
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Abstract: | The present study examines HNK-1 immunoidentification of a population of the neural crest (NC) during early head morphogenesis
in the nonmodel vertebrate, the crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) embryos. Although HNK-1 is not an exclusive NC marker among vertebrates, temporospatial immunoreactive patterns found in
the crocodile are almost consistent with NC patterns derived from gene expression studies known in birds (the closest living
relatives of crocodiles) and mammals. In contrast to birds, the HNK-1 epitope is immunoreactive in NC cells at the neural
fold level in crocodile embryos and therefore provides sufficient base to assess early migratory events of the cephalic NC.
I found that crocodile NC forms three classic migratory pathways in the head: mandibular, hyoid, and branchial. Further, I
demonstrate that, besides this classic phenotype, there is also a forebrain-derived migratory population, which consolidates
into a premandibular stream in the crocodile. In contrast to the closely related chick model, crocodilian premandibular and
mandibular NC cells arise from the open neural tube suggesting that species-specific heterochronic behavior of NC may be involved
in the formation of different vertebrate facial phenotypes. |
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Keywords: | HNK-1 Neural crest Forebrain Crocodile Development Heterochrony Evolution |
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