Dry deposition and soil-air gas exchange of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in an industrial area |
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Authors: | Bozlaker Ayse Odabasi Mustafa Muezzinoglu Aysen |
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Institution: | Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Kaynaklar Campus, Buca 35160, Izmir, Turkey |
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Abstract: | Ambient air and dry deposition, and soil samples were collected at the Aliaga industrial site in Izmir, Turkey. Atmospheric total (particle + gas) ∑41-PCB concentrations were higher in summer (3370 ± 1617 pg m−3, average + SD) than in winter (1164 ± 618 pg m−3), probably due to increased volatilization with temperature. Average particulate ∑41-PCBs dry deposition fluxes were 349 ± 183 and 469 ± 328 ng m−2 day−1 in summer and winter, respectively. Overall average particulate deposition velocity was 5.5 ± 3.5 cm s−1. The spatial distribution of ∑41-PCB soil concentrations (n = 48) showed that the iron-steel plants, ship dismantling facilities, refinery and petrochemicals complex are the major sources in the area. Calculated air-soil exchange fluxes indicated that the contaminated soil is a secondary source to the atmosphere for lighter PCBs and as a sink for heavier ones. Comparable magnitude of gas exchange and dry particle deposition fluxes indicated that both mechanisms are equally important for PCB movement between air and soil in Aliaga. |
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Keywords: | PCBs in air PCBs in soil Dry deposition flux Deposition velocity Soil-air exchange |
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