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Effects of methylmercury exposure on glutathione metabolism, oxidative stress, and chromosomal damage in captive-reared common loon (Gavia immer) chicks |
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| Authors: | Kenow Kevin P Hoffman David J Hines Randy K Meyer Michael W Bickham John W Matson Cole W Stebbins Katie R Montagna Paul Elfessi Abdulaziz |
| Institution: | a U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, 2630 Fanta Reed Road, La Crosse, WI 54603, USA b U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA c Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 107 Sutliff Avenue, Rhinelander, WI 54501, USA d Center for the Environment and Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA e Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA f Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Harte Research Institute, Corpus Christi, TX, USA g University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA |
| Abstract: | We quantified the level of dietary mercury (Hg), delivered as methylmercury chloride (CH3HgCl), associated with negative effects on organ and plasma biochemistries related to glutathione (GSH) metabolism and oxidative stress, and chromosomal damage in captive-reared common loon (Gavia immer) chicks reared from hatch to 105 days. Mercury-associated effects related to oxidative stress and altered glutathione metabolism occurred at 1.2 μg Hg/g and 0.4 μg Hg/g, an ecologically relevant dietary mercury level, but not at 0.08 μg Hg/g. Among the variables that contributed most to dissimilarities in tissue chemistries between control and treatment groups were increased levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG), GSH peroxidase, and the ratio of GSSG to GSH in brain tissue; increased levels of hepatic GSH; and decreased levels of hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH). Our results also suggest that chronic exposure to environmentally relevant dietary Hg levels did not result in statistically significant somatic chromosomal damage in common loon chicks. |
| Keywords: | Common loon Gavia immer Genotoxicity Mercury Oxidative stress |
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