太原地区食物中的林丹残留与人群摄食暴露(Oral Intake of Lindane by Population in Taiyuan)

尽管我国有机氯农药已禁用多年,但环境和食物中仍有有机氯农药残留.以太原市为研究区域,采集了代表性的6类24种食物,测定了林丹残留量,分析了太原人群对林丹的口摄暴露风险.研究结果表明,24种食物中林丹残留量在未检出到1.5ng·g-(1湿重)范围内.残留量较高的为鱼、水果、蔬菜和肉类.多数食物残留浓度高于2005～2007年北京和沈阳类似调查的结果.与历史数据(1992、2000年)相比,食物中林丹残留浓度大幅度下降,动物类食物下降1～2个量级,蔬菜和水果降幅较小.目前各类食物中林丹残留量均低于国家和欧盟的相应标准.平均而言,各年龄段人群日均口摄暴露量也低于美国环保局的标准,但由于食物残留浓度、个体体重及膳食结构变异较大,导致个体暴露水平差别很大,各年龄段,特别是成年人中有少数人日均口摄暴露浓度超过美国环保局制定的0.3g·kg-1·d-1的允许标准.

Oral Intake of Lindane by Population in Taiyuan

After extensive application in agriculture was banned more than 20 years ago, lindane can still be detected in various media of environment. In this study, 64 food samples of 24 types from 6 categories were collected and measured for lindane residue. Exposure risk of the population in Taiyuan is addressed. It was found that the lindane residue in various foods varied from non-detectable to 1.5ng·g-1 (wet weight). The residues in fish, fluid, vegetable and meat were higher than those in other food categories. The measured residue levels were generally higher than the concentrations lately reported for Beijing and Shenyang. Still, they were 1～2 orders of magnitude lower than those reported in 1992 and 2000. Currently, lindane residues in all foods investigated in this study were lower than the national standard of China and EU standard for food. On average, oral intakes of different age groups of the entire population were lower than U. S. EPA standard of 0.3g·kg-1·d-1. However, due to the high variation in lindane residue in various food, individual body weight and eating habit, individual oral intake exposure to lindane varied widely, resulting in exceedence of oral intake exposure of a small group of vulnerable people.