光热光电驱动的海岛型太阳能海水淡化装置研制与性能分析

针对偏远海岛淡水资源和常规能源缺乏问题，综合利用光热与光伏驱动，通过技术设计、数学计算、传热传质、模拟测试、性能分析等程序研制一种适用于海岛的太阳能海水淡化装置。并在光热模式、光热光伏模式、电加热模式下测试了装置的性能。实验结果表明:1）淡化装置在光热模式下的平均产水速率为225 mL/h，在光热光伏模式下的平均产水速率为332 mL/h，比光热模式提高了47.6%，而电加热模式平均产水速率可达到1910 mL/h，反映了中高温太阳能集热管的重要性；2）淡化装置的最佳实验条件为:蒸发舱温度为103℃，冷却水温度为41℃，环境温度为30℃，在此条件下的瞬时产水量高达2389 mL/h，各因素的影响程度顺序为蒸发舱温度>冷却水温度>环境温度；3）淡化装置在光热和光热光伏模式下的单位面积产水量分别为2172，1167 mL/（m2·d），太阳能蒸馏过程的最小热耗为2.03 kW·h/m3。

R&D AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A PHOTOTHERMAL AND PHOTOELECTRIC SOLAR DESALINATION DEVICE FOR ISLANDS

Given the shortage of freshwater resources and conventional energy resources in remote islands, it is practical to research and develop a solar desalination device for islands. In this paper, a new seawater desalination device was developed through a procedure of technical design, mathematical calculation, heat and mass transfer, simulation test and performance analysis, etc. And its performance was tested under three working modes, photothermal mode, photothermal photovoltaic mode, and electric heating mode. The experimental results showed that:1) the water production rate of the desalination device was 225 mL/h in photothermal mode, 332 mL/h in photothermal photovoltaic mode (47.6% higher than that of photothermal mode), and 1910 mL/h in electric heating mode, reflecting the importance of medium and high temperature solar collector; 2) the optimal experimental conditions of desalination device were as follows:the temperature of evaporation chamber was 103℃, the temperature of cooling water was 41℃, and the ambient temperature was 30℃, then the instantaneous water yield was as high as 2389 mL/h, and the influence degree of various factors were in the sequence of evaporation chamber temperature>cooling water temperature>ambient temperature; 3) the water yield per unit area of the desalination device under the photothermal mode and photothermal photovoltaic mode was 2172, 1167 mL/(m2·d), when the minimum heat consumption of the solar distillation process was 2.03 kW·h/m3.