焦作市PM2.5和PM10时空变化特征及其与气象因子的关系

为了研究焦作市大气中PM_2.5和PM₁₀污染状况,基于2018—2020年焦作市50个环境空气质量监测站点的PM_2.5和PM₁₀浓度逐时观测资料,结合气象资料,分析了焦作市PM_2.5和PM₁₀浓度的时空分布特征及气象因素影响。结果表明:1)焦作市PM_2.5和PM₁₀呈双峰型日变化,且具有显著的U形逐月变化规律及冬高夏低、春秋居中的季节性特征。2)2018—2020年PM_2.5和PM₁₀浓度年均值呈西南高东北低的空间差异性特征。与2018年相比,2020年修武县PM_2.5和PM₁₀浓度的下降幅度最大,分别为30.25%、22.72%。3) Spearman相关性分析表明,PM_2.5和PM₁₀浓度与气温、风速呈显著负相关;与气压呈显著正相关;相对湿度与PM_2.5浓度呈显著正相关,与PM₁₀浓度呈显著负相关。焦作市环保局监测站在东北风、西南风风向PM_2.5和PM₁₀浓度污染较重,博爱县清化镇、沁阳市西万镇和武陟县乔庙乡监测站在西南风风向易出现高浓度颗粒物。该研究结果可为日后工业地区大气污染防治,生产生活的合理规划与布局提供重要参考。

SPATIAL-TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PM2.5 AND PM10 AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS WITH METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS IN JIAOZUO,HENAN

In order to study the pollution status of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in the atmosphere of Jiaozuo, Henan, based on the hourly observation data of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentrations at 50 ambient air quality monitoring stations in Jiaozuo from 2018 to 2020, combined with meteorological data, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in Jiaozuo and the influence of meteorological factors were analyzed. The results showed that: 1) The diurnal variation of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentrations presented a bimodal structure in all seasons. The variation curve of the overall monthly PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentrations in the three years was approximately U-shaped. The seasonal variation characteristics of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were higher in winter and low in summer, and moderate in spring and autumn. 2) The spatial characteristics of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentrations were higher in southwestern regions and lower in northeastern regions. Compared with 2018, the decrease scopes of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentrations in Xiuwu County in 2020 were the largest, which were 30.25% and 22.72%, respectively. 3) Spearman correlation analysis showed that the concentrations of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ had significantly negative correlations with temperature and wind speed, and a significantly positive correlation with air pressure. Relative humidity had a significantly positive correlation with PM_2.5 concentration, and a significantly negative correlation with PM₁₀ concentration. The monitoring station in Environmental Protection Bureau of Jiaozuo had higher concentrations of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in northeast and southwest wind directions. The selected monitoring stations in surrounding counties(cities) of Jiaozuo had higher concentrations of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in the southwest wind direction, such as Qinghua Town in Boai County, Xiwan Town in Qinyang City and Qiaomiao Township in Wuzhi County. The study showed that there was a certain relationship between air pollution and meteorological factors in Jiaozuo from 2018 to 2020. It was expected to provide an important scientific basis for the prevention and control of air pollution in industrial areas, and the planning and layout of production and life in the future.