污染场地治理修复药剂危险性评价技术及其应用:以上海市为例

基于我国土壤污染防治和化学品管理的相关法律法规要求,以物理危险、健康危害和环境危害为主要因素,以新化学物质判定及管理、危险化学品识别及危险特性判别为主要环节,探索并建立了污染场地治理修复药剂危险性评价技术流程;在此基础上,以上海市污染场地土壤、地下水治理修复技术和药剂为例,对所制定的评价技术流程进行合理性验证。系统收集整理了上海市135项污染场地治理修复工程的基本信息,对典型污染物治理修复技术和药剂类别进行统计分析,识别了各药剂的危险特性。以常用的氧化剂过氧化氢为例,高浓度过氧化氢可引起燃烧或爆炸,建议其浓度控制在60%以下。该研究结果可为我国污染场地治理修复工程的安全实施、药剂安全利用以及生态环境部门对土壤修复行业的监督管理提供创新思路、基础数据和技术支撑。

HAZARD EVALUATION TECHNOLOGY FOR REMEDIAL REAGENTS APPLIED IN CONTAMINATED SITES: A CASE STUDY IN SHANGHAI

In this paper, hazard evaluation technology and technical process of remedial reagents applied in contaminated sites was explored and established, based on the requirements of the relevant laws and domestic regulations on soil pollution prevention and chemical management, in which physical, health and environmental hazards of the remedial reagents were mainly taken into account. The evaluation process mainly consisted of judgment and management of new chemicals, and identification of hazardous chemicals, and discrimination of their hazardous characteristics. Furthermore, remediation technology and remedial reagents for polluted soil and groundwater in contaminated sites in Shanghai were studied to verify the established technical process. Basic information on 135 contaminated site remediation projects in Shanghai was collected, and the remediation technologies and remedial reagents for typical contaminants were summarized. Hazardous characteristics of the remedial agents were then identified. For example, hydrogen peroxide, a conventional oxidant, could cause combustion or explosion if in high concentration, so a concentration of 60% below was advised. This study would provide innovative ideas, basic data, and technical support for the safe implementation of contaminated site remediation projects, safe use of remedial agents and soil remediation supervision by the ecological environment authorities in China.