Assessment of pollutant fluxes across the frontiers of the Federal Republic of Germany on the basis of aircraft measurements |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;2. College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;2. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China;3. Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China;4. Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China;1. Mycology Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Azadi street, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran;1. Department of Civil and Ecological Engineering, I-Shou University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Syuecheng Rd., Dashu District, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan, ROC;2. Department of Civil Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Rd., Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan, ROC |
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| Abstract: | Forty operational measurements by aircraft are described, which were performed during 1985–1987. The purpose was to obtain an overall picture of transboundary transports of SO2, NOx sulfate, nitrate and O3 between the F.R.G. and its neighbours. Transboundary fluxes were calculated by means of measurement results with respect to the concentrations of the considered pollutants, depth of the planetary boundary layer, wind speed and wind direction. The largest SO2 fluxes have been observed across the eastern border of the F.R.G., during periods characterized by easterly winds (300–2500 ton SO2 h−1 across a 500–600 km border section). The major fraction of this SO2 appeared to have originated from the easterly neighbours of the F.R.G. and to a lesser extent also from countries further eastward. During easterly winds it has been observed that SO2, which originated from countries east of the F.R.G., contributed considerably to SO2 fluxes across the western border to countries west of the F.R.G. The results of the measurement flights as presented have provided valuable indications about transboundary transports of pollutants despite considerable uncertainties in the fluxes due to inaccuracies in the concentration profiles, wind data and depth of the planetary boundary layer. |
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