Land-surface exchange in a chemically-reactive system; surface fluxes of HNO3, HCl and NH3 |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Clean Chemistry Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutions, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China;2. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China;1. Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea;2. College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea;3. Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan;1. School of Science, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030051, PR China;2. MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China;3. Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080 PR China;1. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology PhD Program, Cinvestav, Av. IPN, Ciudad de México 2508, Mexico;2. Solid State Electronics Section, Electrical Engineering Department, Cinvestav, Av. IPN, Ciudad de México 2508, Mexico;3. Advanced Electron Nanoscopy Laboratory, Cinvestav, Av. IPN, Ciudad de México 2508, Mexico;4. Physics Faculty, University of Havana, San Lázaro y L, Havana 10400, Cuba |
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| Abstract: | Vertical gradients from 0.25 to 2 m of NH3, HNO3 and HCl and associated aerosol components have been measured in the field above various surfaces in eastern England. The data have been examined to identify the effect, if any, of chemical reaction processes upon the observed vertical profiles. It is concluded that chemical transformations are too slow to influence concentration gradients and thus the surface exchange process. Assuming chemically conservative behaviour, deposition velocities for HNO3 and HCl have been calculated; these lie within the range 0.4–7.7 cms−1 and 0.4–6.9 cms−1 for HNO3 and HCl, respectively. Estimation of resistances to deposition indicates a negligible surface resistance for both species. Fluxes of ammonia were predominantly upward from the ground with a mean value of 0.031 μg m−2s−1 which is consistent both with an emission inventory of the U.K. and with the measured atmospheric concentration of NH3. |
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