高层建筑火灾致因因素分析与防火安全对策

针对高层建筑物火灾起火因素多、蔓延途径多、疏散困难、扑救困难等特点,全面分析高层建筑火灾致因要素并得到以火灾事故直接损失为顶上事件构建的局部事件树,从"人-机-环境"即技术(硬件)和管理(软件)的系统思路入手,提出建立以管理为纲目、技术为手段,突出管理对技术的指导与协调原则的高层建筑防火安全体系和高层建筑防火安全对策即建立完善救火系统、加强"三同时"、加强相关人员安全管理及培养相关人员安全意识、健全火灾应急预案。该研究成果以有效的解决高层建筑防火为目的,并为高层建筑设计、防火安全评价和应急预案制定等方面提供有实用价值的技术支持。

Analysis on Fire Causes of High-rise Building and Fire Safety Countermeasures

According to characteristics of high-rise buildings against fire:the fire elements,the spread of multi-channels,evacuation difficulty and fires fighting difficulty,the fault tree based on the top incident of direct loss of the fire is obtained through comprehensive analyzing the factors causing fire of high-rise buildings."The person-machine-environment" is obtained by the technology(hardware) and the management(software).Through taking management as the compendium,the technology as a method,the high-rise building fire protection security system,and Fire Safety Countermeasures are bring into prominence.That is to say,building perfect fire fighting system,strengthening "Three Simultaneousness",reinforcing the security management and developing the safety consciousness of relevant personnel and making sound prediction scheme are important.The research results solve the problems of high-rise buildings' fire protection efficiently.It provides practical contributions for the design of high-rise buildings,security evaluation and emergency preplan of fire protection.