吉林西部植被生态环境需水量供需平衡研究

吉林西部地处半湿润、半干旱气候区,水资源的紧缺已成为制约生态环境修复和地区经济发展的重要因素.在对已往生态环境需水量研究成果进行总结,分析该区自然环境的基础上,提出了植被生态环境需水量的概念,即保证植物正常、健康生长,同时能够抑制土地沙化、碱化,乃至荒漠化发展所需的最小水资源量.采用统计年鉴资料,并利用TM卫星影像解译数据进行修正,计算出了农田、草地和林地面积.分别采用面积定额法、水量平衡法、潜在蒸散量法求得农田、草地和林地的生态环境需水量,分别为60.698亿,42.942亿和32.852亿m3.通过供需水平衡分析,得出该区植被生态环境需水量为136.492亿m3,尚缺水19.25亿m3. 

A Study on Ecological Environment Water Requirement of Vegetations and Water Balance in the West of Jilin Province

The west of Jilin Province is located in semi-moist and semi-arid climate region and the shortage of water resource has seriously limited the economic development and ecological environment rehabilitation. The concept of ecological environment water requirement of vegetations was put forward, which is the least water requirement to ensure healthy growth and to control sandification, alkalization and even desertification of soil. The areas of farmland, woodland and meadow were calculated based upon RS and statistic yearbooks. The ecological environment water requirement of different kinds of vegetations was calculated by area ration method, water balance method and potential evapotranspiration (ETO) method, and the requirement of farmland, woodland and meadow is respectively (6.069 8 billion,) (4.294 2 billion) and (3.285 2) billion m~3. Study on water balance shows that the water requirement is (13.649 2) billion m~3 and the shortage is (1.925) billion m~3 in the area.