上海隧桥工程海域生态系统健康的初步评价

随着上海经济的快速发展，一些大型海洋工程在上海海域纷纷兴建，造成了生境破碎化、生物多样性的破坏等一系列的生态损害。在分析海洋工程可能造成生态损害的同时，以上海长江口隧桥工程为例，选择2007年春季和秋季的2次生态调查数据进行研究。架桥阶段结束后，综合分析了春季与秋季的调查数据，发现各项指标均有偏向于不利的趋势。基于结构功能指标体系评价法，并利用层次分析法研究后得出上海长江口隧桥工程附近海域的综合健康指数分别为2043和2166。根据CHI≤3的情况下判断，该海域的生态健康状况属于不健康接近亚健康状态，表明河口生态系统自然属性发生明显改变，生物多样性及生态系统结构发生了一定程度的变化，主要生态服务功能出现退化或丧失。针对遭遇海洋工程破坏的生境，需要进行更多、更长时间的人工干预，并提出有效的生态保护和修复对策。

PRIMARILY ASSESSMENT OF ECOSYSTEM HEALTH OF CHANGJIANG TUNNEL-BRIDGE PROJECT IN SHANGHAI WATERS

With the vigorous development of Shanghai's economy,a number of marine projects have built in the Shanghai waters, causing fragmentation of habitats, biodiversity decline,and other ecological damage. For analyzing the ecological damage caused by the marine projects, this paper took the Yangtze River estuary in Shanghai waters tunnel-bridge engineering as an example and chose the ecological survey data in Spring and Autumn of 2007. After the period of bridging,comparing the survey data between spring and autumn,it showed that every index would lean to be adverse. On the basis of structural and functional indicator system and of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) ,the result showed that the value of comprehensive health indicator oi the Yangtze River Estuary Bridge project in waters near the tunnel were 2.043 and 2.166 in Spring and Autumn of 2007,respectively. According to CHI≤3,the project water ecosystem was located unhealthy and near sub-healthy. It showed that the natural properties of estuary ecosystem varied obviously,biodiversity declined and the structure of ecosystem changed a lot, and the primary ecological service functions were degenerating seriously or disappearing. In the face of the habitat which was destroyed by marine engineering,it needs to take more and long-time manual intervention,and some effective plans of ecosystem conservation and restoration of habitat should be put forward.