Physiological and spectral responses of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) to MSW leachate spray irrigation |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Land Resource Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, NIG 2WI;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mohamed Sathak Engineering College, Kilakarai, Ramanathapuram 623 806, Tamil Nadu, India;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government Polytechnic College, Melur, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, VSB Engineering College, Karur, Tamil Nadu, India;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sai Ram Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India;1. Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, PR China;2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China;3. Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, PR China;4. College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China;1. State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou 730000, China;2. Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730000, China;3. Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou 730000, China;4. College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China |
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| Abstract: | Foliar gas exchange, water relations and spectral properties of understorey sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) sapling leaves were studied in a natural forested ecosystem subjected to spray irrigation of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill leachate and compared to similar measures taken from leaves of unirrigated saplings. Photosynthetic rates in irrigated saplings were reduced 34% to 53% in comparison to unirrigated sapling rates. Similarly, water use efficiency of sapling leaves subjected to direct leachate exposure dropped an average of 70%, while transpiration rates were similar to, and leaf temperatures were 20% higher than, those found in unirrigated leaves. Spectral patterns of understorey leaves, distorted because of the accumulation of leachate precipitate residues on the adaxial surface, demonstrated increased absorbance in the near infrared waveband and reduced reflection in visible wavebands compared to abaxial surfaces. The adaxial spectral properties of mid-canopy leaves (above maximum spray height) of mature sugar maple trees were not distorted by these residues and revealed spectra that suggested increased nitrogen uptake and benefit derived from leachate irrigation. These findings on leaf tissue integrity and energy budgets are discussed in terms of the implications for design of leachate treatment and disposal systems on land and for forest ecology in general. |
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