Formation of chlorinated organics during solid waste combustion |
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| Institution: | 1. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 U.S.A.;2. Acurex Corporation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 U.S.A.;1. Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Poland;2. Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland;3. Department of Histology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland;4. Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland;1. School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China;2. Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, China;3. MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden;1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Photoinduced Functional Materials, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, PR China;2. College of Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Functional Molecules, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China;1. Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China;2. National Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering Application of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China;3. Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Ministry of Education, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China;4. Kunming Metallurgy College, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China |
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| Abstract: | The formation mechanisms of the precursors of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) were examined in a laboratory reactor. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions were studied between 200 and 800 °C with HCl, Cl2, and phenol as reactants in a simulated flue gas containing oxygen. Analysis of the reactor effluent showed that homogeneous phase production of chlorophenols and non-chlorinated dioxin and dibenzopdioxin and dibenzofuran, benzofuran potential precursors to PCDD and PCDF, was related to HCl concentration, reaching a maximum formation level around 650 °C. However, Cl2 produced a greater variety of chlorinated aromatics at levels over three orders of magnitude greater than with HCl, with product concentrations reaching maximum formation levels around 350 °C. Heterogeneous tests at 450 °C using a CuCl catalyst increased formation of chlorinated organics and PCDDs and identified the major chlorinating reactant to be Cl2. |
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