Organic composition of PM2.5 and size-segregated aerosols and their sources during the 2002 Bay Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE), Florida,USA |
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| Institution: | 1. Namik Kemal University, Corlu Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Cerkezkoy Yolu 3. Km, 59860 Corlu-Tekirdag, Turkey;2. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Via E. Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy;1. Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, CNRS, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR6016, Aubière cedex, France;2. NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23666, USA;3. Institute for Physics of the Atmosphere, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany;4. Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, URA 1357, Météo-France, Toulouse, France;5. Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway;6. Laboratoire des Science du Climat et de l''Environnement, CNRS, France;7. Departement of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada;8. Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l''Environnement, UMR 5183, Université de Grenoble 1/CNRS, Grenoble, France;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;2. Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, ICEHT/FORTH, Patras, Greece;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR 26500, Greece;1. Department of Chemistry, Carleton College, 1 North College Street, Northfield, MN 55057, USA;2. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Saint Louis University, O''Neil Hall, 300E, 3642 Lindell Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63108, USA;3. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, 660 North Park Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA;4. Water Science and Engineering Laboratory, University of Wisconsin – Madison, 660 North Park Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA;1. Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht (IMAU), Utrecht University, PO box 80005, 3508 TA, The Netherlands;2. Copenhagen Center of Atmospheric Research (CCAR), Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Denmark;3. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Institute of Astronomy, University of São Paulo, Brazil;1. PRES L''UNAM, Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l''Aménagement et des Réseaux, Département Géotechnique, Eau et Risques, CS 4, 44344 Bouguenais, France;2. IRSTV (FR CNRS 2488), Nantes, France;3. Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Cherbourg-Octeville, BP 10, 50130 Cherbourg-Octeville, France;4. LMSPC UMR 7515 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France |
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| Abstract: | PM2.5 and size-segregated aerosols were collected in May 2002 as part of the Bay Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE), Florida, USA. Aerosol organic composition was used to estimate sources of a series of alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using chemical indices, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and a chemical mass balance receptor model (CMB). Aerosols were collected on quartz fiber filters (QFF) using a PM2.5 high volume sampler and on aluminum foil discs using a Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI, 50% aerodynamic cut diameters were 18, 10, 5.6, 3.2, 1.8, 1.0, 0.56, 0.315 and 0.171 μm). Target compounds included alkanes and PAHs and were solvent extracted using a mixture of dichloromethane, acetone and hexane, concentrated and then analyzed using a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The target compounds in PM2.5 were dominated by six sources during the study period: mobile sources (39±5%), coal burning (33±5%), biogenic primary emission (20±2%), oil combustion (5±2%), biomass burning (1.0±0.3%) and an unidentified source (3±2%). Results obtained from the chemical indices, HCA and CMB were in very good agreement with each other. PAH size distributions are presented for days dominated by a same source. Seventy-five percent and 50% of the PAH were found below 1.8 and 0.56 μm, respectively (monthly PAH geometric diameters averaged 0.43 μm). Coarse size PAHs were observed on 1 day (15 May) and were correlated with nitrate and sodium size distribution. It is hypothesized that the PAHs, sodium and nitrate were internally mixed and that the PAHs deposited onto a pre-existing marine aerosol. This transfer process has significant implications for PAH deposition and lifetime and warrants further study. |
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