Estimation of source apportionment and potential source locations of PM2.5 at a west coastal IMPROVE site |
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| Institution: | 1. Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China;2. Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100086, China;4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;1. National Environmental Health Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan;2. Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, No. 840, Chengcing Rd., Kaohsiung 83347, Taiwan;3. Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;1. Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;3. Key Laboratory of Cities'' Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change in Shanghai (CMA), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;4. School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China;5. Yantai Oceanic Environmental Monitoring Central Station, SOA, Yantai 264006, China;1. E.R.L., Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, N.C.S.R. Demokritos, 15310 Ag. Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece;2. Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Achaia, Greece;3. Physics Section, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria;4. Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, NCSR “Demokritos”, 153 10 Ag. Paraskevi, Athens, Greece;5. Ruder Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, P.O. Box 180, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia |
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| Abstract: | Particle composition data for PM2.5 samples collected at Kalmiopsis Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) site in southwestern Oregon from March 2000 to May 2004 were analyzed to provide source identification and apportionment. A total of 493 samples were collected and 32 species were analyzed by particle induced X-ray emission, proton elastic scattering analysis, photon-induced X-ray fluorescence, ion chromatography, and thermal optical reflectance methods. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to estimate the source profiles and their mass contributions. The PMF modeling identified nine sources. In the Kalmiopsis site, the average mass was apportioned to wood/field burning (38.4%), secondary sulfate (26.9%), airborne soil including Asian dust (8.6 %), secondary nitrate (7.6%), fresh sea salt (5.8%), OP-rich sulfate (4.9%), aged sea salt (4.5 %), gasoline vehicle (1.9%), and diesel emission (1.4%). The potential source contribution function (PSCF) was then used to help identify likely locations of the regional sources of pollution. The PSCF map for wood/field burning indicates there is a major potential source area in the Siskiyou County and eastern Oregon. The potential source locations for secondary sulfate are found in western Washington, northwestern Oregon, and the near shore Pacific Ocean where there are extensive shipping lanes. It was not possible to extract a profile directly attributable to ship emissions, but indications of their influence are seen in the secondary sulfate and aged sea salt compositions. |
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