The contribution of traffic and solvent use to the total NMVOC emission in a German city derived from measurements and CMB modelling |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China;2. Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu, 610072, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China;4. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China;1. Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;4. Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong;5. Department of Chemistry & Division of Environment, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong;1. Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China;4. China National Environmental Monitoring Center (CNEMC), No. 8 Anwai, Dayangfang, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China;1. Sonoma Technology, Inc., 1455 N, McDowell Boulevard, Suite D, Petaluma, CA 94954-6503, USA;2. Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development, 9820-106 Street, 9th Floor, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T5K 2J6 |
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| Abstract: | In order to quantify the contribution of solvent use and road traffic to the total non-methane volatile organic compound (NMVOC) emissions in Germany, the composition of air in the city of Wuppertal was investigated during three campaigns at different locations. The measurements covered NMVOCs in the range of C3–C10 hydrocarbons and C1–C6 oxygenated compounds. An assessment of the contribution from different emission sources to the observed NMVOC concentrations was attempted with the chemical mass balance (CMB) modelling technique. Emission profiles for traffic were obtained from measurements performed in a traffic tunnel, at a downtown street intersection and during drives through the city and on motorways. Solvent emission profiles were investigated in the vicinity of different factories and workshops using solvents in Wuppertal. Apportionment analyses were performed for several receptor points located down-wind from the city centre, in residential, dense traffic and industrial areas.The results of the present work show that traffic emission rather than solvent use determines the ambient NMVOC composition. The maximum contribution of solvent use to the NMVOC emission estimated on the basis of experimentally obtained results amounts to about 23% in the whole area of Wuppertal. It can be concluded that the contribution of solvent use to the NMVOC concentrations also in other German cities falls in the range of few to about 20%, assuming that Wuppertal can be considered as a typical German urban area with certain proportions of domestic, traffic and various industrial activities. These results are in strong disagreement with the German Emission Inventory, which states, that in the reference year 2003 about 51% of the total NMVOC emissions originate from solvent use and only 14% from traffic. |
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