Observed trends in ambient concentrations of C2–C8 hydrocarbons in the United Kingdom over the period from 1993 to 2004 |
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| Institution: | 1. NETCEN, AEA Technology Environment, Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK;2. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, London, UK;3. rdscientific, Newbury, Berkshire, UK;1. Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium;2. Umicore Hoboken, Dept. of Environmental Affairs, A. Greinerstraat 14, 2660 Hoboken, Belgium;1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA;2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 7, Lenexa, KS 66219, USA;1. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;2. Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;4. Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA;5. Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China;6. School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;7. Guangzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 510030, China;8. State Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;9. Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China;1. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;2. Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-8: Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany;3. Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Sciences and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China |
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| Abstract: | Hourly measurements of up to 26 C2–C8 hydrocarbons have been made at eight urban background sites, three urban-industrial sites, a kerbside and a rural site in the UK from 1993 onwards up until the end of December 2004. Average annual mean benzene and 1,3-butadiene concentrations at urban background locations have declined at about ?20% per year and the observed declines have exactly mimicked the inferred declines in benzene and 1,3-butadiene emissions over the same period. Ninety-day rolling mean concentrations of ethylene, propylene, n- and i-butane, n- and i-pentane, isoprene and propane at urban and rural sites have also declined steadily by between ?10% and ?30% per year. Rolling mean concentrations of acetylene, 2- and 3-methylpentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, cis- and trans-but-2-ene, cis- and trans-pent-2-ene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-, m- and p-xylene at a roadside location in London have all declined at between ?14% and ?21% per year. These declines demonstrate that motor vehicle exhaust catalysts and evaporative canisters have effectively and efficiently controlled vehicular emissions of hydrocarbons in the UK. Urban ethane concentrations arising largely from natural gas leakage have remained largely unchanged over this same period. |
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