Emission factors from wheat and Kentucky bluegrass stubble burning: Comparison of field and simulated burn experiments |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2910, USA;2. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195, USA;1. School of Public Health, Department of Community Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India;2. Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India;1. Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;2. Jiangsu Provincal Academy of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing 210036, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China;2. School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China;3. Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905, Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3H5T4, Canada;4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China;1. Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China;2. College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China;3. Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China;4. School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;5. Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States |
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| Abstract: | Emission factors (EFs) of PM2.5, CO, elemental carbon (EC), particulate organic carbon (OC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and methoxyphenols (MPs) from post-harvest burning of wheat and Kentucky bluegrass (KBG) stubble were evaluated in a series of field burns. Integrated smoke samples were collected at ground level, upwind and downwind of the fires, and EFs were determined with the carbon balance method (validated during previous chamber experiments). These EFs were compared against EFs evaluated from previously conducted chamber burns, to determine how well the latter represent field scenarios. In general, when combustion efficiency (CE) differences were taken into account, a reasonable degree of agreement was observed between emission factors measured in the field and in the chamber, except for EC and solid+vapor phase PAHs, both from wheat burns. EC and PAHs from wheat burns were seen in higher amounts in the chamber, although the PAH data are in agreement at CEs>90%. EC overestimates might be due to a misassigned EC–OC split in the heavily loaded quartz filters from chamber burns. Poor EC and OC EF–CE correlations in KBG chamber data make the comparison with field data difficult. The particulate organic matter/OC ratios (2.1±1.3 for wheat and 1.9 for KBG) were higher than those observed during chamber experiments (1.5 for both wheat and KBG). Overestimates of EC in the chamber and possibly the condensation of oxygenated species in the field may be responsible for this difference. Though CO and CH4 EFs evaluated from ground-based samples differed from those collected on board a light aircraft, EF–CE relationships were similar. This underscores the importance of determining both the CEs and EFs simultaneously. |
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