Identification of sources of atmospheric PM at the Pittsburgh Supersite—Part III: Source characterization |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA;2. Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA;3. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA;4. Departments of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering and Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA;1. Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, United States;2. Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis, United States;3. Crocker Nuclear Laboratory, University of California, Davis, United States;4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, United States;1. VITO, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium;2. Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium;3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Science (FEPS), University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom;4. Environmental Flow (EnFlo) Research Centre, FEPS, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom;1. Department of Pediatrics, Barzilai Medical Center, Hahistadrout St. 2, Ashkelon 78278, Israel;2. Faculty of Medicine, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel;3. Department of Natural Sciences, The Open University of Israel, 1 University Road, PO Box 808, Ra’anana 43537, Israel;4. Department of Neonatology, Carmel Medical Center, Michal St. 7, Haifa 3436212, Israel;5. Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel;6. Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel;1. State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;2. Atmospheric Environment Institute of Safety and Pollution Control, Jinan University, Guangdong 510632, China |
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| Abstract: | Single-particle mass spectrometry data collected during the Pittsburgh Supersite experiment was used to isolate an episode on 27 October 2001 when the measurement site was primarily influenced by emissions from coal combustion sources. Results showed that (a) 60–80% of the particles detected during this event belonged to the Na/Si/K/Ca/Fe/Ga/Pb particle class associated with coal combustion emissions, (b) observation of this class was an isolated event occurring only during the hours of 06:00–14:00 EST, and (c) the detection of these particles was highly correlated with shifts in wind direction. Coincident SMPS, TEOM PM2.5, SO2, NOx, and O3 measurements were in excellent agreement with the single-particle results in terms of both identifying and characterizing this event. The three most likely point sources of these particles were isolated and Gaussian plume dispersion models were used in reverse to predict their particle number, particle mass, and gas phase emissions. Calculated mass emission rates were in general agreement with the US EPA National Emissions Inventory (NEI) database emissions estimates and the Title V PM10 limit. The largest of the three sources emits about 2.4×1017 fine and ultrafine particles per second. |
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