Roadside measurements of size-segregated particulate organic compounds near gasoline and diesel-dominated freeways in Los Angeles,CA |
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| Institution: | 1. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China;2. Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China;3. Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;1. Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China;2. Key Laboratory of Cities'' Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change in Shanghai (China Meteorological Administration), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China;3. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China;4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China |
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| Abstract: | Individual organic compounds such as hopanes and steranes (originating in lube oil) and selected polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs) (generated via combustion) found in particulate emissions from vehicles have proven useful in source apportionment of ambient particulate matter (PM). Detailed information on the size-segregated (ultrafine and accumulation mode) chemical characteristics of organic PM during the winter season originating from a pure gasoline traffic freeway (CA-110), and a mixed-fleet freeway with the highest fraction of heavy-duty diesel vehicles in the state of California (I-710) is reported in this study. Hopanes and steranes as well as high molecular weight PAHs such as benzo(ghi)perylene (BgP) and coronene levels are found comparable near these freeways, while elemental carbon (EC) and lighter molecular weight PAHs are found much elevated near I-710 compared to CA-110. The roadway organic speciation data presented here are compared with the emission factors (EFs) measured in the Caldecott tunnel, Berkeley, CA Phuleria, H.C., Geller, M.D., Fine, P.M., Sioutas, C., 2006. Size-resolved emissions of organic tracers from light- and heavy-duty vehicles measured in a California roadway tunnel. Environmental Science and Technology 40, 4109–4118] for light-duty vehicles (LDVs) and heavy-duty vehicles. Very good agreement is observed between CA-110 measurements and LDV EFs as well as I-710 measurements and corresponding reconstructed EFs from Caldecott tunnel for hopanes and steranes as well as heavier PAHs such as BgP and coronene. Our results, therefore, suggest that the EFs for hopanes and steranes obtained in tunnel environments, where emissions are averaged over a large vehicle-fleet, enable reliable source apportionment of ambient PM, given the overall agreement between the roadway vs tunnel concentrations of these species. |
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