Mercury emissions from automobiles using gasoline,diesel, and LPG |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;2. Department of Physics, Atmospheric Sciences and Geoscience, Jackson State University, PO Box 17660, Jackson, MS 39217, USA;1. CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Rome, Italy;2. Norwegian Institute of Air Pollution, Kjeller, Norway;3. CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Division of Rende, Rende, Italy;4. Dep. for Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Germany;5. Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk, Poland;6. School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA;1. State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People''s Republic of China;2. Faculty of Transportation Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People''s Republic of China;1. Energy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA;2. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA;3. Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA;4. Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA;5. Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA;1. Department of Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, 192-1 Hyoja-2-dong, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 200-701, Republic of Korea;2. Environmental Health Center, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 200-722, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Environmental and Public Health, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | Mercury (Hg) emissions from gasoline, diesel, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) vehicles were measured and speciated (particulate, oxidized, and elemental mercury). First, three different fuel types were analyzed for their original Hg contents; 571.1±4.5 ng L−1 for gasoline, 185.7±2.6 ng L−1 for diesel, and 1230.3±23.5 ng L−1 for LPG. All three vehicles were then tested at idling and driving modes. Hg in the exhaust gas was mostly in elemental form (Hg0), and no detectable levels of particulate (Hgp) or oxidized (Hg2+) mercury were measured. At idling modes, Hg concentrations in the exhaust gas of gasoline, diesel, and LPG vehicles were 1.5–9.1, 1.6–3.5, and 10.2–18.6 ng m−3, respectively. At driving modes, Hg concentrations were 3.8–16.8 ng m−3 (gasoline), 2.8–8.5 ng m−3 (diesel), and 20.0–26.9 ng m−3 (LPG). For all three vehicles, Hg concentrations at driving modes were higher than at idling modes. Furthermore, Hg emissions from LPG vehicle was highest of all three vehicle types tested, both at idling and driving modes, as expected from the fact that it had the highest original fuel Hg content. |
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