Impacts of Russian biomass burning on UK air quality |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan;2. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA;3. NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA;4. NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA, Greenbelt, MD, USA;5. Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan;6. Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan;7. Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan;8. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA;9. UTK-ORNL Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, Knoxville, TN, USA;10. Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA, USA;11. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;12. Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;13. Goddard Earth Sciences Technology And Research (GESTAR), Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Columbia, MD, USA;14. Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration, Taipei, Taiwan;15. Institute of Geophysics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam;p. Department of Environmental Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand;q. Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Nei-Pu, Pingtung, Taiwan;r. Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan;s. Institute of Environmental Engineering, Nation Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan;t. WeatherRisk Explore Inc., Taipei, Taiwan;u. NOAA ESRL Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, CO, USA;v. Department of Environmental Engineering, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan;w. Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan;x. Department of Environmental Resources Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan;y. Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan;z. Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan;11. Department of Marine Environmental Informatics, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan;22. Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan;1. Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK;2. Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq;3. Flanders Environment Agency (VMM), Department Air, Environment and Communication, Belgium;4. Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;5. Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Department of Environmental Assessment, The Netherlands;6. Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Department of Air Quality, The Netherlands;7. ATMO, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France;8. Air Environment Research, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK;1. Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Laboratory, Atmospheric Pollution and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Energy and Environment, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand;2. Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut''s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand |
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| Abstract: | Unusually high levels of PM10 were observed in the UK in May 2006 and September 2002. This paper investigates the possible contribution of long-range transport of smoke from widespread agricultural burning and forest fires in western Russia to these air pollution episodes. The Lagrangian dispersion model NAME is run in both forwards and backwards modes to determine the transport and sources of the polluted air masses for the two incidents. Comparison of the model results to satellite data and ground observations from across Europe demonstrates good agreement for both the timing and magnitude of the episodes and suggests that fires in western Russia were the primary cause of both incidents. Secondary contributions to the 2006 episode may have come from European anthropogenic pollution and pollen released in northern Europe. The occurrence and timing of both pollution episodes were strongly controlled by the meteorological situation at the time. Scaling of model results to observations suggests that 0.5–0.7 Mtonnes of biomass per day could have been burnt during periods when winds reaching the UK were from the east. The newly reported 2006 episode means that Russian fires have affected UK air quality at least twice since 2000 and it is suggested that, without changes in current practice, such events are likely to occur again in the future with implications for UK and European air quality. |
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