Importance of wet precipitation as a removal and transport process for atmospheric water soluble carbonyls |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder CO 80305, USA;2. Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, N10W5 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan;3. Institute for Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19W8 Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan;1. Laboratorio de Contaminación Atmosférica, Instituto de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación Atmosférica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Camino de Moledores s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;2. Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Albacete, Paseo de la Innovación 1, 02006 Albacete, Spain;3. Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;1. Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;2. Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;3. Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark;1. Laboratory of Materials Chemistry, Environmental and Organic (LQMAO), Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Rua Rodolfo Teófilo 200, Centro, CEP: 62800-000 Aracati, Ceará, Brazil;2. Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, 60165-081 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil;3. Undergraduate Course of Environmental Science (Ciências Ambientais/UFC) – Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, 60165-081 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil;4. Laboratory of Analysis Trace (LAT), Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, 60165-081 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil;5. Earth Observation Laboratory (EOL), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, 60165-081 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil;1. Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan;2. Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kami-tanadare, Kazo, Saitama 347-0115, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Carbonyl compounds exist in the atmosphere as either gases or aerosols. Some of them are water soluble and known as oxidation products of biogenic and/or anthropogenic hydrocarbons. Five carbonyl compounds, glyoxal (GO), 4-oxopentanal (4-OPA), glycolaldehyde (GA), hydroxyacetone (HA) and methylglyoxal (MG) have been identified in a temporal series of 12 rain samples. The concentrations of the compounds in the samples were high at the beginning of the rain event and decreased with time to relatively low and fairly constant levels, indicating that the compounds were washed out from the atmosphere at the start of the rain event. Possibly, these compounds also existed in the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Wet deposition rates of the carbonyl compounds were calculated for nine samples collected during a 20 h period. The deposition rates ranged from 0 (4-OPA) to 1.2×10−1 mg C m−2 h−1 (MG) with the average of 2.9×10−2 mg C m−2 h−1. Production rates of isoprene oxidation products (GA, HA and MG) in the area surrounding the sampling site were estimated with a chemical box model. The deposition rates exceeded the production rates in most samples. This indicates that the rainfall causes a large net flux of the water soluble compounds from the atmosphere to the ground. Insoluble carbonyl compounds such as n-nonanal and n-decanal were expected to be present in the atmosphere, but were not detected in the rain during the sampling period, suggesting that an aerosol containing these insoluble compounds does not effectively act as a CCN. |
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