Comparative chemical mass closure of fine and coarse aerosols at two sites in south and west Europe: Implications for EU air pollution policies |
| |
| Institution: | 1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;2. School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;3. Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 9472 0, USA;4. Earth Science and Climate Change Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, IHC complex, Lodi Road, New Delhi-3, India;5. Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;6. Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512, USA;7. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra, VA, Italy;8. School of Arts, Sciences, and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Rua Arlindo Béttio,1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, CEP 03828-000 São Paulo, Brazil;9. GAGO Inc., San Jose, CA 95131, USA;1. National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Beijing 100029, China;2. Jiangsu Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;3. Beijing Urban Meteorological Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing 100089, China;4. Meteorological Observation Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China |
| |
| Abstract: | The chemical composition of PM10 and PM2.5 was studied during summer and winter sampling campaigns in South and West Europe (Barcelona, Spain, and Ghent, Belgium). The chemical composition of the PM10 aerosol was markedly different in the two regions, even at similar PM10 levels. The chemical composition of PM2.5 showed more similarities. The contribution of mineral matter was higher in Barcelona (on average 12% of the PM2.5 mass), whereas the contribution from sea salt was higher in Ghent (4% of PM2.5). Volatilisation of NH4+ from the filters (negative artefact) was observed in both regions, although the extent of this artefact showed regional differences (0–4% and 22–38% of the NH4+ mass in Ghent and Barcelona, respectively) and had no impact on the compliance with EU limit values. The number of exceedances of the PM10 limit value and an arbitrary PM2.5 limit of 25 μg m?3 was calculated by subtracting the mineral fraction (natural or anthropogenic in origin) from the bulk PM load, and this resulted in the elimination of the PM10 exceedances in Barcelona, and a reduction of one out of three exceedances in Ghent. The subtraction of sea-salt aerosol had no effect in Barcelona, and it removed one exceedance in each size fraction in Ghent. Exceedances of the PM10 daily limit value in Ghent coincided with back-trajectories originating from Eastern and Southern European regions. The origin of the exceedances in Barcelona during the campaigns was mostly local. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
