The vertical profile of atmospheric heating rate of black carbon aerosols at Kanpur in northern India |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India;2. Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India;3. Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Trivandrum, India;1. KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Applied Process Metallurgy, Department of Material Science and Engineering, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden;2. FOI, Swedish Defence Research Agency, Division of CBRN Defence and Security, SE-901 82 Umeå, Sweden;1. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;4. Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;5. Lanzhou Environmental Monitoring Station, Lanzhou, 730000, China;6. Lanzhou Central Weather Station, Lanzhou, 730000, China;7. State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;1. International Environmental Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), Republic of Korea;2. Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Republic of Korea;3. Research Institute for Radiation-Satellite, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Republic of Korea;4. School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK;5. Air Quality Forecasting Centre, Climate and Air Quality Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | Altitude profiles of the mass concentrations of aerosol black carbon (BC) and composite aerosols were obtained from the collocated measurements of these quantities onboard an aircraft, over the urban area of Kanpur, in the Ganga basin of northern India during summer, for the first time in India. The enhancement in the mean BC concentration was observed at ∼1200 m in the summer, but the vertical gradient of BC concentration is less than the standard deviation at that altitude. The difference in the BC altitude profile and columnar concentration in the winter and summer is attributed to the enhanced turbulent mixing within the boundary layer in summer. This effect is more conspicuous with BC than the composite aerosols, resulting in an increase in the BC mass fraction (FBC) at higher levels in summer. This high BC fraction results in an increase in the lower atmospheric heating rate in both the forenoon, FN and afternoon, AN, but with contrasting altitude profile. The FN profile shows fluctuating trend with highest value (2.1 K day−1) at 300 m and a secondary peak at 1200 m altitudes, whereas the AN profile shows increasing trend with highest value (1.82 K day−1) at 1200 m altitude. |
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